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2.5 主要BIM设计平台总览
我们也考虑了它们与支持BIM环境之间的关系。这些功能可同时应用于以设计为导向的系统和用于加工的BIM设计工具。
提出这些不同功能主是要针对那些希望对可选的备用系统做初级的评价和评估的人，以便在项目、工作室或企业内部做出明智的抉择。该抉择影响着生产实践、互操作性并在某种程度上影响着一个设计单位承接特殊类型项目的能力。
我们在适用性的三个层面上整理重要的特性：（诚如在第2.4节中所定义的）作为一个工具、作为一个平台以及作为一种环境。需要强调的是，没有一款应用程序能够单独理想地应用于所有类型的项目。理想的做法是，一个组织宜拥有并支持多种平台，对特定类型的项目可在平台之间移动。有些（功能）只支持不同应用程序之间的互通；其它则可以支持与特定加工商和顾问之间的协作。加工商不太需要多种BIM平台。
将BIM设计应用程序作为一项工具和/或一个平台来采用，是一项重大任务。后续章节中还会就这一话题展开讨论，特别是第五章中设计和工程方面的应用，第六章中承包商在施工管理方面的应用，第七章中加工商的应用。它们也支持在BIM环境中对其本身进行管理（如第三章所述）。有关应用程序的抉择包括理解新技术、所需的新的组织技能以及学习并管理这些技能。这些挑战会随着时间进行而减少，因为学习曲线和围绕着BIM应用的实践会在实践中变得愈发根深蒂固。由于BIM设计应用程序的功能正在迅速变化，在AECBytes、Catalyst或其它AEC计算机辅助设计类期刊和诸如LinkedIn这类合作网站上阅读最新软件版本的评论内容很重要。在提供基于对象的参数化建模的通用框架内，BIM设计应用程序包含很多不同种类的功能，其中一些是在工具层面上，还有些是在平台层面上。我们在BIM系统环境层面上，用对这些应用程序支持点的评论来区分其作为工具和平台使用的相关问题。
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2.5 OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR BIM DESIGN PLATFORMS
In this p, we summarize the major functional and performance capabili- ties that distinguish different BIM platforms, considered as having both tool and platform functionality, as presented in earlier ps of this chapter. We also consider them in relation to their supporting a BIM environment. The capabili- ties apply to both design-oriented systems as well as fabrication BIM design tools. These distinguishing capabilities are proposed for those wishing to under- take a first-level review and assessment of alternative systems, so as to make a well-informed decision within the project, office, or enterprise. The choice affects production practices, interoperability, and to some degree, the functional capabilities of a design organization to do particular types of projects.
We organize the important features at three levels of applicability: as a tool, as a platform, and as an environment, as defined in Section 2.4.We emphasize that no one application will be ideal for all types of projects. Ideally, an organization would have several platforms that it supports and moves between for specific projects. Some uniquely support communication between different applications; others may support collaboration with a particular fabricator or consultant. Fabricators are less likely to need multiple platforms.
Adopting a BIM design application, as a tool and/or platform, is a significant undertaking. Adoption is also discussed in later chapters, especially regarding their intended use, for design and engineering in Chapter 5, for contractors and construction management in Chapter 6, and for fabricators in Chapter 7. They are also considered for their support of being managed within a BIM environment, as developed in Chapter 3. Decisions about applications involve understanding new technologies, the new organizational skills needed, and then learning and managing those skills. These challenges will recede over time, as the learning curve and practices surrounding BIM use become more ingrained in practice. Because the functionality of BIM design applications is changing quickly, it is important to look at reviews of the current versions in AECBytes, Catalyst, or other AEC CAD journals and collaboration sites such as LinkedIn. Within the common framework of providing object-based parametric modeling, BIM design applications embody many different kinds of capabilities, some at the tool and some at the platform levels. We discriminate the issues associated with their use as a tool and as a platform, with comments about their support at the BIM system environment level.
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