建筑赏析|人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所-建筑赏析

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建筑赏析|人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所

发布于：2025-01-14 12:00:49

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人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第1张图片

在法国比利牛斯山脉国家公园的山坡草地上修建了一座避难所——snøhetta建筑事务所
snøhetta's grassy mountain refuge will skim the slopes of france's pyrenees national park

由专筑网韩慧慧，小R编译

Snøhetta建筑师事务所在法国比利牛斯山脉的国家公园内设计了避难所项目，该设计方案在一次竞赛中脱颖而出。该项目的建立是为了替代之前被大火烧毁的同类型建筑。新建筑名为Barroude，建成之后将成为比利牛斯山脉路线上徒步旅行者的中途休息停留点，也会成为国家公园的接待中心和服务中心。该项目的设计遵循保护原有环境，将保护环境作为设计重点。该建筑采用绿色屋顶，建筑体块缓缓从地面升起，与周边环境融为一体。项目建成后将成为法国比利牛斯山脉国家公园（联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录上的国家公园）内的首个现代设施，吸引游客，并为游客服务。

Among the rolling landscape of France’s Pyrenees National Park, a mountain refuge will soon undergo a sculptural transformation by architecture studio Snøhetta. The new project is the winner of a competition responding to a devastating fire that destroyed the previous building a decade ago. The so-called Refuge de Barroude will serve as both a stopover point for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées and a reception and support center for the park’s staff. The design prioritizes environmental responsibility, rising organically from the terrain with its sweeping green roof and introducing modern amenities for visitors to the UNESCO World Heritage-listed national park.

人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第2张图片

images © Snøhetta

Snøhetta建筑师事务所设计的Barroude避难所非常成功，因为该设计解决了人工建筑与自然景观之间的对立共存问题。在天然的比利牛斯山脉景观中，人工元素的存在不应影响到原有自然景观的完整性。因此，设计团队的灵感以温暖安全和来源于自然的地标为核心，这两种设计要素在避难所的建筑中均有运用，如通过使用天然石材、木材和铝建造建筑，使其与原有地形互为融合，且与自然景观和谐共存。

新建避难所与原有被大火烧毁的避难所处于相同位置，这是为了确保建筑建造地不属于当地动植物保护区。设计师充分利用现有地形，尽量减少土方开挖，最后在不影响自然景观的前提下建造了一个2层避难所。该建筑在设计时为了提高能源效率，保证室内气温，尽可能的将建筑立面置于地坪以下。建筑还包含有一个大型种植屋顶，可与周围自然景观相互融合，减少人工元素对自然景观的视觉影响。

Snøhetta’s design concept for the Refuge de Barroude emphasizes a delicate balance between integration into the landscape and visibility within the expansive Pyrenees. The architects note that in this breathtaking setting, human presence should remain subtle. Thus, the team draws inspiration from two key ideas — Terrier and Cairn. The former signifies warmth and security, while the latter suggests a landmark or destination built from natural materials. These elements are reflected in the refuge’s architecture, which melds into the topography while contrasting with the rugged landscape through the use of stone, wood, and aluminum.
The new refuge is carefully positioned on the site of the old building, ensuring that it is situated outside areas protected for their endemic flora and fauna. By working with the existing topography, the design avoids excessive earthworks, creating two levels of refuge without altering the natural landscape. The compact structure’s bioclimatic design minimizes the exposure of facades to the elements, promoting energy efficiency and natural ventilation. A large planted roof, integrated with the surrounding landscape, helps reduce the visual impact of the structure.

人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第3张图片

▲ 项目所在地在十年前有一个避难所，最后被大火烧毁，如今新建避难所将代替原有烧毁的避难所
the project will replace a preexisting refuge destroyed by a fire a decade ago

该项目包含公共空间功能区和后勤功能区。公共空间内设计有接待等候区、厨房区域和餐厅区域，各个区域均可看到窗外的Barroude湖景和周围的自然景观。公共空间与周边自然景观紧密联系，可以使徒步旅行者在休憩的同时欣赏风景。后勤区域主要设计有办公人员的工作、住宿和生活空间。

建筑内部的住宿生活区为适应不同人群的需求，设计有多种类型。徒步旅行者和公园工作人员的冬季宿舍设计在建筑底层，可直通室外自然景观空间。徒步旅行者的宿舍有8人间和6人间，可根据自身情况进行选择。避难所内部还为管理员和工作人员提供有周转休息室，为保障公园能够正常开放。

The design team at Snøhetta organizes the layout of its Refuge de Barroude between two distinct areas. The first, dedicated to communal spaces, includes a reception area, dining room, and kitchen, all oriented towards Lake Barroude and its surrounding trails. These open spaces provide a connection to the natural environment, allowing hikers to experience the scenery while enjoying the refuge’s amenities. The second area is reserved for private use, with dormitories and living quarters for the refuge’s warden and Pyrenees National Park staff.
Accommodations vary to suit different needs. Winter dormitories, designed for hikers and park staff, are located on the lower ground floor, providing direct outdoor access. Hikers have a choice between eight-person and six-person dormitories, with winter-adapted options available as well. In addition, the refuge features rooms for the warden and staff, supporting the park’s day-to-day operations.

人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第4张图片

▲ 该避难所建成之后还将会成为比利牛斯山脉上徒步旅行者的中途休息停留地
the refuge will serve as a stopover for hikers on the Haute Route des Pyrénées

Snøhetta建筑师事务所设计该项目时考虑了建筑的可持续发展性，所以建筑材料选用低碳，如再生木材和铝等。并尽可能的减少建筑对周围环境的影响，如建筑采用当地石头作为地基基础，减少人工元素对景观的影响。为减少在自然景观中人工元素的痕迹，设计师尽可能的减少土方开挖，并使得建筑地基深埋地面，外观上望去就像是建筑“掠过”地面，使得人工建筑对生态系统的破坏性降到最低。

避难所内部的功能空间设计合理紧凑，可降低能耗、减少材料燃烧和冷却需求。建筑中还设计有太阳能电伏板和生物质加热等可再生能源系统，可为建筑提供电力和热水，减少对化石燃料的需求。建筑内部的使用水来源于周边的泉水，使用过后的废水会经过处理后排出，可减少对环境的影响。该项目预计2025年动工，2027年完工。

Snøhetta’s design prioritizes sustainability, incorporating low-carbon materials and minimizing construction impacts. The structure is primarily built from recycled wood and aluminum, with local stone used for the base, ensuring integration with the mountainous landscape. By keeping earthworks and concrete foundations to a minimum, the project aims to reduce its environmental footprint, allowing the building to ‘skim’ the ground and be fully reversible, with minimal disruption to the ecosystem.
The compact design of the refuge helps further reduce energy consumption, minimizing the need for heating and cooling. Renewable energy systems, such as solar panels and biomass heating, will provide electricity and hot water, significantly decreasing reliance on fossil fuels. Water is sourced from a nearby spring, and waste water is treated through infiltration, ensuring minimal environmental impact. The project is expected to break ground in 2025, with completion slated for 2027

人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第5张图片

▲ 设计团队的灵感以温暖安全和来源于自然的地标为核心
the team draws from the ideas of Terrier for warmth and Cairn as a landmark

▲ 避难所主要使用材料为回收的木材、铝和当地的石材，能够完美的融入当地环境
the refuge is built with recycled wood and aluminum, using local stone to blend into the earth

▲ 该项目还设计有可再生能源系统，如使用太阳能和生物质加热室内空间，可减少避难所对化石燃料的依赖和需求
renewable energy systems, including solar and biomass heating, will reduce the refuge’s reliance on fossil fuels

▲ Snøhetta建筑事务所在比利牛斯山脉景观中设计的避难所完美的将建筑与景观融合为一体
Snøhetta balances environmental integration and visibility within the rugged Pyrenean landscape

人工建筑与自然景观和谐共存——Barroude“隐形”避难所第9张图片

项目信息：
项目名称：Barroude避难所
建筑设计：Snøhetta建筑事务所
项目位置：法国比利牛斯山脉国家公园
建筑面积：540㎡
完工时间：预计2027年
可视化展示：Snøhetta建筑事务所

project info:
project title: Refuge de Barroude
architecture: Snøhetta | @snohetta
location: Pyrenees National Park, France
area: 540 square meters
completion: expected 2027
visualizations: © Snøhetta

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